Moreover, a simple set of guidelines for matching the most suitable MAC protocol category to a given application is provided in this work. The aim of this work is to give a detailed overview and classification of the most relevant preamble sampling MAC protocols, being motivated by the extremely large number of MAC protocols designed for WSNs in recent years. ![]() In this work, a survey of the different types of MAC protocols designed for WSNs is presented with a special focus on preamble sampling MAC protocols. Among the different MAC protocols designed for WSNs, preamble sampling techniques provide extremely low energy consumption at low loads and have a notably simple operation and a lack of synchronisation requirements, which are characteristics that are especially appealing to WSNs. Consequently, the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer design is crucial, due to its influence on the transceiver, which is the most energy-consuming component of a sensor node. The limited energy resources of sensor nodes are among the most important constraints in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Results show that the cross-layering im-proves network performance in terms of timeliness and energy-efficiency but it comes at the cost of relatively low packet re-ception ratio at the sink node. Through simulation study, we evaluate the timeliness, energy-efficiency, and packet reception ratio for nodes using AREA-MAC with and without cross-layer support. In this evaluation a cross-layer design perspective is adopted, where direct interaction between different layers is examined. Though AREA-MAC is mainly associated with the MAC layer, it ex-ploits simple routing at the network layer and interacts with application as well as PHY layers. ![]() AREA-MAC uses the low power listening (LPL) tech-nique with short preamble messages to minimize latency, en-ergy consumption, and control overhead on nodes. This pa-per evaluates AREA-MAC, a medium access control proto-col designed for real-time and energy-efficient WSN applica-tions. ![]() In case of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), it is also responsible to create energy-efficient links between nodes, where messages can be sent to the sink node in a timely manner. A medium access control (MAC) protocol generally reg-ulates the access of devices to a shared medium.
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